Zipangizo zodziwika bwino zotulutsira feteleza zimaphatikizapo zotulutsira feteleza zozungulira kawiri ndi zotulutsira feteleza zozungulira (zozungulira). Pakukonza feteleza wophatikizana, zotulutsira fetelezazi zimatha kuwonjezera zinthu za nayitrogeni malinga ndi zosowa, ndipo zina zimagwiritsa ntchito urea ngati gwero la zinthu za nayitrogeni, zomwe zimatha kuyamwa chinyezi mosavuta mumlengalenga ndikupangitsa kuti tinthu ta feteleza tozungulira tizimamatirane. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri zimanenedwa kuti chotulutsira feteleza chozungulira kawiri ndi chotulutsira ufa wouma, chomwe chimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakukonza zotulutsira feteleza za zinthu zopangira zomwe zili ndi chinyezi chochepera 10%. Pazinthu zonyowa, ukadaulo wofunikira woletsa kuuma uyenera kuchitika. Kuti ma granule a feteleza okhala ndi chinyezi akhale ngati zinthu zopangira feteleza wozungulira, ndikofunikira kupewa kuuma.
Mfundo ndi kufunikira kwa madzi a granules opangira feteleza wophatikizana
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya granulator yotulutsa mpweya ndi ufa wouma makamaka ngati chinthu chachikulu chopangira. Zinthu zofooka zikamafinyidwa, gawo lina la tinthu timaphwanyidwa, ndipo ufa wosalala umadzaza mipata pakati pa tinthu. Pankhaniyi, ngati zomangira za mankhwala zomwe zili pamwamba pa chinthu chatsopano sizingathe kudzazidwa mwachangu ndi maatomu kapena mamolekyu ochokera mumlengalenga wozungulira, malo atsopano omwe apangidwa amakumana wina ndi mnzake ndikupanga zomangira zolimba zobwezeretsanso. Pakutulutsa kwa chopukutira, khungu la chopukutira limakhala ndi mzere wozungulira wopingasa, womwe umatulutsidwa kukhala wozungulira, ndipo tinthu tomwe timatulutsidwa ndi chopukutira chathyathyathya (mphete) ndi columnar.Kutulutsa madzi kumafuna chinyezi chochepa. Ngati chinyezicho chili chokwera kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera makina owumitsa ku ukadaulo wokonza.
Yankho la zotsatira zoyipa za mtundu wa kuyamwa kwa chinyezi kuchokera ku nayitrogeni mu njira yopangira feteleza wophatikizika
Mfundo yaikulu ya kukanikizana kwa feteleza wophatikizana makamaka ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha madzi omwe amayamwa nayitrogeni. Ponena za makina, kuyambika ndi liwiro la "kuyaka pang'onopang'ono" kwa feteleza wophatikizana sikuwonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa ammonium nitrate ndi potassium chloride. Mwachitsanzo, chisakanizo chokhala ndi 80% ammonium nitrate ndi 20% potassium chloride sichimayaka, koma chimakhala ndi chisakanizo cha 30% diatomaceous earth, 55% ammonium nitrate, ndi 15% potassium chloride chimapanga "kuyaka pang'onopang'ono" kwamphamvu.
Tinthu ta feteleza tomwe timakhala ndi urea monga gwero la nayitrogeni timakhala ndi hygroscopicity yambiri komanso malo ofewa pang'ono; biuret ndi adducts zimapangidwa mosavuta kutentha kuli kokwera; urea imasungunuka ndi hydrolyzed kutentha kuli kokwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ammonia itayike.
Izi ndizofunikira kuti tithetse kuchuluka kwa madzi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha madzi omwe amayamwa nayitrogeni. Kuchepetsa gwero la nayitrogeni Pamene calcium superphosphate ilipo, phosphorous yosungunuka m'madzi imawonongeka; popanga feteleza wa urea-common calcium superphosphate compound, superphosphate yofanana iyenera kukonzedwa pasadakhale, monga ammoniation, yomwe imatha kuchotsa ma adducts. Kupanga, kapena kuwonjezera calcium magnesium phosphorous kuti ichepetse asidi waulere wa superphosphate, ndikusintha madzi omasuka kukhala madzi a kristalo, kukonza khalidwe la mankhwala, kapena kuwonjezera ammonium sulfate, yomwe ingachepetse chinyezi cha chinthu chomalizidwa ndikulimbitsa kuuma kwa chinthu chomalizidwa; pamene pali chlorine. Ammonium ikasinthidwa, urea ndi chlorine zimapanga adduct, zomwe zimawonjezera crystallization, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti feteleza wobwezeretsanso kutentha azisakanikirana mosavuta panthawi yosungira; chifukwa chake, feteleza wophatikizana wokhala ndi urea ngati gwero la nayitrogeni ayenera kuyang'anira kwambiri njira yowuma ndi kuziziritsa..Mwachitsanzo, kutentha kwa kuumitsa sikuyenera kukhala kokwera kwambiri, nthawi yowumitsa siyenera kukhala yayitali kwambiri, chinyezi chomwe chatchulidwa mu muyezo waubwino chiyenera kukwaniritsidwa, kusungunuka kwa zinthu panthawi yopanga kuyenera kupewedwa, ndipo palibe kusungidwa kwa makeke panthawi yosungira.
Zomwe zili pamwambapa ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chinyezi chambiri mu njira yopangira feteleza wophatikizana, zomwe zimayambitsa kukhuthala. Njira yayikulu yopewera kukhuthala ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yowumitsa. Kukonza zinthu pasadakhale, kuwonjezera zinthu zina ndi njira zina, kuti tinthu ta feteleza wophatikizana tisawonongeke komanso kuti tisawonongedwe.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-10-2022
